How to Put Out an Electrical Fire

Electrical fires are a serious threat to safety and property, often occurring unexpectedly and escalating rapidly.

Knowing how to react in such a situation is very important to minimizing the damage and preventing injuries or worse...

Published: August 13, 2024.

Electrical fires pose a unique and significant risk in both homes and workplaces, distinguishing themselves as both common and particularly dangerous. Unlike other fires, electrical fires originate from faulty wiring, overloaded circuits, or malfunctioning electrical devices, requiring specific approaches for safe extinguishing.

Knowing how to effectively handle an electrical fire can significantly reduce property damage and, more importantly, save lives.

Understanding Electrical Fires

Electrical fires occur when an electrical system or device malfunctions, generating heat sufficient to ignite nearby combustible materials.

Key differences between electrical fires and other fire types include their source and method of ignition - often invisible and initially undetected until it's too late.

These fires can stem from several common household issues such as frayed cords, overloaded power strips, and aging electrical systems. Unlike fires that can be doused with water, electrical fires require non-conductive extinguishing methods to prevent further hazards and effectively control the fire.

Immediate Steps to Take

When you detect an electrical fire, your immediate response can greatly influence the outcome. Here are step-by-step instructions to follow:

• Turn Off the Power: If it’s safe to do so, shut off the power to the affected area at the circuit breaker. This is the most effective way to stop the fire from growing.
• Evacuate the Area: If the fire seems uncontrollable or you cannot reach the circuit breaker safely, evacuate the area immediately. Alert all occupants of the need to leave and do not attempt to collect belongings on the way out.
• Use the Correct Fire Extinguisher: If the fire is small and contained, use a Class C fire extinguisher (C class in US, E class in EU, symbol of electric spark in UK), which is suitable for electrical fires. Avoid using water as it conducts electricity and can lead to electrocution.
• Call Emergency Services: Even if you believe the fire is under control, it's crucial to call the fire department. Electrical fires can reignite from smoldering wiring hidden within walls.
• Do Not Use Elevators: In a building with an electrical fire, avoid using elevators, which may malfunction during electrical failures. Use the stairs.

These immediate actions prioritize safety and address the specific challenges posed by electrical fires, aiming to minimize damage and ensure personal safety.

Using a Fire Extinguisher on Electrical Fires

Not all fire extinguishers are appropriate for electrical fires. For these specific emergencies, you must use a Class C fire (Amazon link, link opens in the new window) extinguisher in the United States, a Class E extinguisher in countries following the European classification, or with the symbol of electric spark in UK.

These extinguishers are designed to fight fires caused by energized electrical equipment without conducting electricity, typically containing dry chemical agents like monoammonium phosphate or sodium bicarbonate.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Effectively

• Remember the PASS Technique: Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep the nozzle side to side across the fire.
• Maintain a Safe Distance: Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance, allowing about 6 to 8 feet between you and the fire, and move closer once the fire starts to diminish.
• Discharge Entirely: Continue to apply the extinguishing agent until the fire is completely out. If the extinguisher becomes empty and the fire is not out, evacuate immediately.

Safety Measures to Prevent Electrical Fires

Preventing electrical fires involves routine maintenance and cautious handling of electrical systems and devices. Here are several effective strategies:

• Regular Inspections: Hire a qualified electrician to inspect your home or workplace’s electrical system every few years to ensure it complies with safety standards and regulations.
• Avoid Overloading Circuits: Do not overload power outlets and extension cords. Understand the capacity of your circuits and the demands of your appliances.
• Replace Damaged Wires and Cords: Regularly check the condition of cords and wires. Replace them if they are frayed, worn, or have exposed wiring.
• Use Appliances Wisely: Follow the manufacturer's instructions for all electrical devices. Avoid using faulty appliances and repair or replace them as necessary.
• Install Smoke Detectors: Place smoke detectors on every floor of your home or office, especially near bedrooms and kitchens. Test them monthly and change the batteries at least once a year.

What Not to Do

Several common misconceptions and errors can exacerbate electrical fires or increase the risk to safety:

• Do Not Use Water: Water conducts electricity, and using it to extinguish an electrical fire can cause electrocution and spread the fire.
• Avoid Opening Appliances or Breaker Boxes If They Are Burning: If an electrical fire starts in an appliance or your electrical panel, do not attempt to open it. Shut off the power if possible, and evacuate.
• Do Not Assume the Fire Is Out: Electrical fires can smolder within walls and reignite. Always call the fire department for a thorough check.
• Do Not Ignore Safety Guidelines: Bypassing basic electrical safety practices, such as using uncertified devices or ignoring capacity limits on outlets, is a common but avoidable risk.

Adhering to these guidelines not only helps in effectively responding to electrical fires but also significantly reduces the chances of one starting in the first place.

Note: If the burning appliance, breaker box, or similar is open, fresh air containing oxygen can make a fire burn stronger, much stronger. On the other hand, opening such an appliance "just a little" can help the user force the powder from the fire extinguisher into the appliance, putting the fire out. However, this may be very dangerous...

When to Evacuate

Recognizing when an electrical fire is beyond personal control is crucial for ensuring personal safety. Here are some guidelines:

• Size and Spread: If the fire spreads beyond the initial object or area where it started, it’s time to evacuate.
• Smoke Development: Heavy smoke is a clear indicator that the fire is not under control. Smoke inhalation can be more deadly than the flames.
• Lack of Proper Extinguisher: If you do not have access to a Class C or Class E fire extinguisher when an electrical fire occurs, evacuate the area immediately.
• Ineffective Extinguishing: If the fire does not subside after using the fire extinguisher, or if you’ve used the entire extinguisher and the fire persists, evacuate immediately.

Evacuation should be orderly but swift, prioritizing the safety of all occupants. Always have a pre-planned escape route in any building you frequent, and once out, do not re-enter the building until it is declared safe by authorities.

Professional Help and Follow-Up

After an electrical fire, it is imperative to seek professional help to assess and repair the damage safely:

• Assessment by Fire Department: Allow the fire department to inspect and confirm that the area is safe before re-entry. They can assess structural integrity and hidden dangers in the electrical wiring.
• Consult a Licensed Electrician: Before resuming normal operations, have a licensed electrician inspect and repair any damaged electrical systems to ensure they meet safety standards.
• Review and Enhance Safety Measures: Use the incident as an opportunity to review and improve electrical safety measures. This might include upgrading old wiring, enhancing circuit protections, and increasing the number and accessibility of fire extinguishers.

Follow-up actions should also include reporting the incident to your insurance provider and documenting all damages and steps taken to remedy the situation for future claims and reference.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Here are some of the most common Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about electrical fires and putting them out.

What does an electrical fire smell like?

An electrical fire often emits a distinct odor that can be described as acrid, burning plastic, or a metallic smell.

This is due to the burning of wires, insulation, and electrical components, which typically contain plastic and rubber materials.

Recognizing this smell can be an important warning sign to take immediate action and prevent further hazards.

What type of fire extinguisher is used for electrical fires?

For tackling electrical fires, different types of fire extinguishers are recommended depending on the region:

• United States: Class C fire extinguishers are used for electrical fires. These extinguishers are designed to handle fires involving energized electrical equipment. They typically contain non-conductive substances like dry chemical powder that effectively interrupts the fire's chemical reaction.
• European Union: Class E fire extinguishers are designated for electrical fires. These extinguishers also use non-conductive substances to safely combat fires caused by electrical equipment without the risk of conducting electricity.
• United Kingdom: In the UK, electrical fires are typically handled with fire extinguishers that are labeled for use on electrical fires (symbol of electric spark). These often include CO2 extinguishers as well as dry powder extinguishers. It's important to note that CO2 extinguishers are particularly effective for fires in electrical equipment and leave no residue, which is beneficial for sensitive electronics and machinery.

In all cases, the extinguishers are designed to safely suppress fires without conducting electricity, making them safe to use on live electrical equipment.

Few Final Words

Electrical fires represent a significant hazard that requires specialized knowledge and tools to handle safely. Understanding what causes these fires, how they differ from other fires, and the immediate steps to take can greatly reduce risks to life and property.

It’s imperative to know the proper use of fire extinguishers for electrical fires, recognize when a situation is beyond personal control, and understand the importance of professional follow-up.

Preparedness and preventive measures are your best defenses against the potentially devastating impact of electrical fires. Stay informed, stay equipped, and prioritize safety to effectively manage these critical situations.